Telescope.



PATENTED APRg'l'., 1906.

c. soULAs.v TBLESCOPB. APPLIOATIYON FILED NOV. 28. 1904. v

1 NITEI) STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patented April 17, 1906.

Application filed November 28. 1904. Serial No. 234,655.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTOPHE SOULAs, a subject of His Majesty the Kingof Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Okato, in the provincialdistrict of Taranaki, in the Colony of New Zealand, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Telescopes, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to telescopes used for making astronomicalobservations; and the object of the invention is to provide aninstrument of greatly-increased power and of light weight.

I use the usual lens or lenses in the eyepiece and object ends of theinstrument; but instead of connecting these ends by the usual tube Idispense with the intermediate part of such tube and have short lengthsonly at each end. The object end is thus fixed upon a mountingindependent of the eyepiece end.

It is necessary in using my instrument that the two ends thereof shouldbe coaxial, and I provide means for eHecting this relationship, or, inother words, for causing the focus of the objective lens to fall on theeyepiece-lens. For this purpose I mount a powerful lamp upon each end ofthe instrument and a small telescope having line crossed lines upon itsobject-glass. The light from the lamps is either reflected by a lens orby a mirror in such a manner that the light can be seen through a smalltube from the other end of the instrument. The ends of the instrumentare brought into coaxial relationship by bringing the small telescopesto bear upon the light of the lamps shining through the small tubes.

The instrument may be of the coud or e1- bowed type-that is, with the`object-tube formed into a right angle and with the objectlens at theouter end 0f such tube and a mirror at the angle of the tube inclined atforty live degrees or a prism producing total refraction. Acounterweight is provided to balance the weight of the object-lens andtube. The object-tube is capable of being turned on its horizontal axis,so that it may be moved through an arc of one hundred and eightydegrees. The object-tube may also be rotated in a horizontal plane, andwith the combined movements thus obtainable the whole face of theheavens may be observed.

My invention is applicable for refracting or reflecting telescopes. A

The invention is illustrated on the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a straight telescope; Fig. 2, a similarelevation of an elbowed or coude telescope; Fig. 3, a plan; Fig. 4, anelevation of the objective end, and

.Fig 5 an elevation of the eyepiece end, of the telescope; Fig. 6, anelevation, and Fig. 7 a cross-section, of a lens.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, 1 is the eyepiece end, and 2 theobjective end, of a straight telescope which is mounted in bearings 3and 4, the foremost being supported and pivoted upon a standard 5 bymeans of a pin 6, which passes into the standard and is made integralwith the bearing. The rearmost bearing 3 is supported upon a carriage 7,comprising radial arms 8 and 9 diagonal bars 10 and 11, and jaws 12 and13,inwhich wheels 14 and 15 are pivoted. The carriage is pivoted uponthe pin 6 and is capable of being traversed upon the circular track 16,of which the pin 6 is the center.

On Figs. 2, 3, and 4 of the drawings a coud telescope is shown, the tube17 of which is at right angles to the end 2, and an object-lens 18 isfixed in the end of the tube and a mirror 19 placed at an angle offorty-five degrees to tube 17 and end 2. The tube 17 is continueddownwardly to form a counterweight to the object end. VInstead of amirror a prism-producing total refraction may bel used. Besides thebearings shown in Fig. 1 a third bearing 20 is provided and receives atrunnion 21, fixed to the end 2. In this case the standard 5 isdispensed with and the bearings 4 and 29 are integral with a baseplate22, which is mounted upon wheels 23, the axles of which are radial tothe base-plate. A pivot-pin 6 maintains the base-plate so that itrevolves truly upon its center. The end 2 is capable of being rotated onits axis in the bearings 3, 4, and 20, and the tube 17 may thus be movedthrough an arc of one hundred and eighty degrees. The carriage 7 may bemoved in a horizontal plane around the pivot-pin 6, and with thesecombined movements any part of the heavens may be brought underobservation.

The eyepiece end 1 is provided with the usual lenses 24 and is supportedin brackets 25 and 26 upon a standard 27, which is placed upon acircular track 28, having the pivotpin 6 for its center. The standard 27may be pushed laterally to any position upon its circular track 28, asrequired to bring the part 1 into coaxial relationship with the part 2of the telescope.

On Figs. 6 and 7 is shown a lens having cir- IOO IIO

cular rings 35, the faces 36 of which are cut to one and the sameradius. The thickness of the center of the lens and the weight of thelens are thus materially reduced. The dotted curved line in Fig. 7 isdrawn to the same radius as the convex faces of the circular rings andillustrates the amount of material saved by making the lens inaccordance with my invention.

To bring the ends l and 2 into alinement with each other, I mount a'finder-telescope 29 upon the eyepiece end 1. and a tube 30 upon theobject end 2. A lamp 3l, the light from which is thrown into the tubeonly, is fitted upon the end of the said tube. The telescope and tubeare mounted in relation to each other, so that when the operator lookingthrough the telescope 29 sees the rays of light shining into the tube 30then the ends 1 and 2 are in alinement. Fine lines across the telescope29 and tube 30 may be used in the ordinary manner to insure accuracy ofadjustment.

To enable an operator at the object end to obtain alinement, a telescope32 is mounted on the end 2 and a tube 33, having a lamp 34, is providedupon the end 1.

The distinctive and special feature of my invention consists indispensing with the middle part of the tube of a telescope, leavingeyepiece and object ends, which two parts I may mount as describedhereinbefore; but I may replace the standards Vwhich support the twoends by any means which will enable the two ends to be kept coaxial andmove in such a way relatively to each other that any star or similarobject may be brought under observation. Y

My elbowed telescope may be mounted in equitorial and straighttelescope, may have one of its ends mounted on the top of a tower or asteep hill, provided that the mechanism employed for operating thetelescope allows three movements-'first, around the tower or hill;secondly, vertical movement, and, thirdly, rotation on its own diameterin order to keep the proper focal distance between the two ends and tomake them coaxial and to direct the telescope toward the star to beobserved.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim isl. A telescope comprising an eyepiece end,

brackets carrying the eyepiece end a standard supporting the brackets,an object end comprising a horizontal tube and a tube at right angles tothe horizontal tube a counterweight upon the object end, a trunnion uponthe object end, bearings carryinor the object end, a base-plate integralwith the bearings, wheels upon which the base-plate is mounted, apivot-pin fixed to the base-plate, a rearmost bearing to the object end,a carriage supporting the rearmost bearing, and circular tracks whereonthe two ends of the tele scope travel, substantially as set forth.

2. A telescope, comprising an eyepiece end, brackets carrying theeyepiece end, a standard supporting the brackets, an object end,bearings carrying the object end, a carriage supporting the rearmostbearing, a standard supporting the foremost bearing, a pin integral withthe foremost bearing and passing into the standard and to which thecarriage is pivoted as set forth.

3. A telescope, comprising an eyepiece end, a standard upon which theeyepiece end is mounted, a circular track upon which the standard isplaced, an object end, a carriage upon which the object end is mounted,a standard to which the carriage is pivoted, and a circular track uponwhich the carriage travels, as set forth.

4. A telescope,comprising an eyepiece end, a standard upon which theeyepiece end is mounted, a .finder-telescope mounted upon the eyepieceend, an object end, a carriage upon which the object end is mounted, astandard to which the carriage is pivoted, a lamp mounted upon theobject end, and a tube fitted to the lamp as set forth.

5. A telescope comprising an eyepiece end,

a standard upon which the eyepiece end 1s 9 mounted, a findertelescopeand a lamp mounted on the eyepiece end, a tube fitted to the lamp, anobject end, a carriage upon which the object end is mounted, a standardto which the carriage is pivoted, a finder-telew scope and a lampmounted upon the eyepiece end, and a tube fitted to the lamp as setforth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two witnesses.

CHRISTOPHE SOULAS. Iitnesses E. P. ODONNELL, E. S. BALDWIN.

